Description
Purple Tang – Zebrasoma xanthurum
Zebrasoma xanthurum, known as the Purple Tang or Yellowtail Sailfin Tang, is one of the most striking surgeonfish species in the marine hobby. Endemic to the Red Sea, it features a deep violet-to-indigo body contrasted by a vibrant yellow tail and subtle blue facial markings. Its bold coloration, constant activity, and algae-grazing habits make it both a functional and ornamental highlight in large reef aquariums.
Origin: Red Sea and Western Indian Ocean
Depth: 2–30 m (6–100 ft)
Lighting: Moderate to high (enhances deep purple hues and tail contrast)
Flow: Strong; prefers turbulent, high-oxygen environments typical of reef slopes
Tank Placement: Mid to upper water column; requires open swimming space and abundant live rock for grazing
Temperature: 75–80°F (24–27°C)
Salinity: 1.022–1.026 SG
pH: 8.1–8.4
Diet: Herbivorous – grazes on filamentous algae; supplement with nori, spirulina, and vegetable-based herbivore diets
Temperament: Semi-aggressive; highly territorial toward other tangs and similar-shaped fish
Size: Up to 25 cm (10 inches)
Care Level: Advanced – thrives in large, mature aquariums (minimum 600 L / 160 gal) with stable parameters
Compatibility: Best kept singly; suitable for community or reef aquariums with robust tankmates
